Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin In The Sun - Dreams and...

Dreams and Racism in A Raisin In The Sun At most times, the American Dream resembles an ideological puzzle more than a fully realizable image. Within the confines of her fantastical, theatrical world Lorraine Hansberry attempts to fit a few of these pieces together and, in the process, ends up showing exactly how everything doesnt just snap-together all nicely. The problems in her play, A Raisin In The Sun, deal primarily with the basic nature of humans and their respected struggles to make it in America. nbsp; The story, for the most part, centers upon an African-American family, their dreams for the future and an insurance check coming in for death of the eldest man. Stirring into the mix later is the hugely oppressive,†¦show more content†¦The only man displayed positively is Asagai and he isnt representing the American ideal of manhood; he is representing the African ideal. nbsp; Mama, however, is strong, spiritual and eager to help her children in any way she can. She values family above and beyond all else, but has the deep insight into the other characters motivations even when she doesnt agree. In the middle of the play (at the fuse for the final conflict), she recognizes that Walter is miserable because no one believes in him and his dreams. She gives him a large chunk of the insurance check to invest in a liquor store even thought she doesnt agree with it. She trusts him with it and, when he loses the money to a trusted friend, she becomes enraged and begins to physically attack him. However, by the next scene she has forgiven him and tells her daughter that she should do the same; There is always something to love: when do you think the time is to love somebody the most? Its when hes at his lowest and cant believe in hisself cause the world done whipped him so! With those words, Mama seems to symbolize all that is good, solid and peaceful in the world. nbsp; These two characters that make up the largest amount of gender specific conflict within the story, but not all of it. Further backing up the idea that plotting is feministic comes from the character Bennie, Walters sister. She too wants to make something of herself;Show MoreRelated Racism and the American Dream in Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun1340 Words   |  6 PagesA Raisin in the Sun is written by a famous African- American play write, Lorraine Hansberry, in 1959. It was a first play written by a black woman and directed by a black man, Lloyd Richards, on Broadway in New York. The story of A Raisin in the Sun is based on Lorraine Hansberry’s own early life experiences, from which she and her whole family had to suffer, in Chicago. Hansberry’s father, Carol Hansberry, also fought a legal battle against a racial restrictive covenant that attempted to stop African-Read MoreEssay on Follow Your Dreams1914 Words   |  8 PagesDreams are aspirations that refl ect a human’s wants and desires in life. They are a fundamental element that drives human beings to achieve the impossible. Dreams have the ability to motivate oneself to set goals and ideals for the future. Each person in some part of their life has had desires that they would like to accomplish. Without these desires, there is nothing to motivate one’s actions and attitude. However, most people believe that satisfaction only exists once a dream is achieved. LouisaRead MoreRacial Injustice in A Raisin in the Sun, by Lorraine Hansberry and Sonny’s Blues, by James Baldwin1494 Words   |  6 PagesI have a dream that one day little black boys and girls will be holding hands with little white boys and girls. by Martin Luther King Jr, the dream that is still unfulfilled. White supremacy, black inferiority, Jim Crow law, segregation, racial terror, and racial inequality are the most common topics of American history. The quote of Martin Luther King Jr asserts the t ruth that racial injustice was in the vein of the American dream. He hopes someday that injustice, the view that African AmericansRead MoreWhat Does You Dream Deferred? Lorraine Hansberry s Play, A Raisin And The Sun ``942 Words   |  4 PagesWhat Happens to Dreams Deferred? Lorraine Hansberry’s play, A Raisin in the Sun, addresses the hardships of an African-American family living in the projects of post-segregation Chicago. The family aspires to fulfill their dreams of owning a home despite the odds they face. W.E.B Du Bois critical race theory explains the issue of racism and white dominance that not only the family in the play faces, but the African American community as a whole. American society only allows for African AmericansRead MoreWhite Dominance During The Post Segregation Era945 Words   |  4 PagesWhite Dominance in the Post-Segregation Era Lorraine Hansberry’s play, A Raisin in the Sun, addresses the hardships of an African-American family living in the projects of post-segregation Chicago. The family aspires to fulfill their dreams of owning a home despite the odds they face. W.E.B Du Bois critical race theory explains the issue of racism and white dominance that not only the family in the play faces, but the African-American community as a whole. American society only allows for African-AmericansRead MoreLorraine Hansberry s Life As A Whole1461 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"I was born black and female.† These two words black and female identified Lorraine Hansberry’s life as a whole. Hansberry was born on May 19, 1930 in Chicago. She was the third youngest out of seven siblings. Her parents contributed a large amount of money to NAACP and the Urban League, because of this Hansberry was never comfortable with her rich girl status, so instead she identified herself as â€Å"poor†. She was admired by the children who were so often independent and matured which she imitatedRead MoreInitial Expectation And Purposes Of Theatre845 Words   |  4 PagesPurposes of Theatre â€Å"Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun (1959) probes the racially charged politics of home ownership in post–World War II Southside Chicago† (Matthews). Before going to see this performance, I made a quick research about this play and that research formed an initial view about this performance. I have read about the play in general, a short synopsis a historical and influences upon American society and theatre. Lorraine Hansberry’s â€Å"A raisin in the Sun† is a play that tellsRead MoreRacism And Double Discrimination By Lorraine Hansberry1969 Words   |  8 PagesKisanet Sium English 1B Professor M. Jones July 7, 2016 Racism and Double discrimination One of the many sad things about being an African American woman is that she suffers not just one but double racism as a black and as a woman. Lorraine Hansberry in 1959 wrote a play, Raisin in the Sun, focusing on an African American Family living in the mid 20th century, emphasizing how terrible it is to live as a woman and as black in the United states. It is a play that symbolizes theRead MoreRacial Feelings Of Chicago, Illinois1643 Words   |  7 PagesRacial feelings in Chicago, Illinois are very similar today to how they were in the 1950s. The Younger family from Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun was the epitome of a lower class, black family during that time. They dealt with the hardships of never having enough money and losing family happiness due to their lack of wealth. Modern-day Chicago can easily be compared to Chicago from the mid 1900s because of the ever-growing amount of poor blacks and the poverty riven African-American neighborh oodsRead MoreA Raisin Of The Sun1319 Words   |  6 PagesEssay 3: Suggested Topics A Raisin in the Sun was a play written in the late 1950’s analyzing the cruel effects of racism amongst the Younger family. The younger family suffers from racial discrimination within their living space, place of employment, and the housing industry. Racism has been going on for a very long time in the United States and will always continue to exist. Racism has not only led to political but also social issues. A Raisin in the Sun confronted Whites for an acknowledgement

The Importance Of The Teacher s Inclusive Education Essay

This essay discusses the importance of the role of the teacher in inclusive education. For several years’ children who suffer with disabilities and learning difficulties where separated and not given the same opportunities. Thankfully changes have been made in the education system and society, showing these children may seem different and may struggle a little more than the average child but they are not stupid and can exceed the expectation for a child of their age. In this essay I will be going through the developments for inclusive education and the improvements that have been made, the need to start inclusion immediately and how inclusion boosts a child’s spiritual, mental, social and cultural values and the impacts this holds on their success. The inclusion a teacher can bring is crucial for the continuation and chances of success for each individual child. All children should be included regardless of ethnicity, ability, religion or any other categorisation. When inclusive education takes place children who have a disability, and those who do not engage together in the classroom and learn as a group. Children should not be categorised by a disability and/or a language barrier, children should be seen as one in order for them to thrive in the real world. Warnock’s report is clear proof of the failure that separating children into categorised schools due to their ability or handicap was wrong. The report continues to say we need to focus on how to provide for eachShow MoreRelatedInclusive Education Is Not A Marginal Issue1502 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Inclusive education is not a marginal issue, but is central to the achievement of high quality education for all learners and the development of more inclusive societies†. This statement made by UNICEF clearly portrays their view that inclusive education is of upmost importance within our schools. However there is a sense that almost too much weigh has been placed upon this educational approach. â€Å"†¦is central to the achievement of high quality education for all learners†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , at a common sense stand pointRead MoreClassroom Management and Pull-out Services: Research questions and Personal View on the Research Topic1706 Words   |  7 Pagesstudies on classroom management--the importance and influence it has on the everyday, overall functioning of the classroom and techniques and characteristics for effective classroom management, classroom management and its relation to students with special needs--the influence routine and structure have on students with disabilities and developmental delays, and finally pull-out services--what they are and the benefits and drawbacks of implementing them in inclusive educational settings. My first questionRead MoreImproving Student Participation Is A Matter Of Importance1543 Words   |  7 Pagesclassroom we come across student diversity in terms of ability, ethnicity and learning needs. Ensuring student participation is a matter of importance, since children are at times deprived of equal right to use inclusive education from early childhood through to adulthood. Inclusive education means eliminating the distinction between special and regular education and giving equal opportunities despite their level of disability. It implies that providing educational facilities to students with additionalRead MoreInclusive Education for Children with Disabilities Essay1628 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The right to have access to education is a concern for people with disabilities. They were treated poorly and often desegregated from society. The response to the concerns of parents and educators over the exclusion of children with disabilities created the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. The public law â€Å"guaranteed a free, appropriate public education to each child with a disability in every state and locality across the country†. In the 1970s children with disabilities enteredRead MoreSpecial Education vs Inclusive Education887 Words   |  4 Pagesparents, teachers and peers of the student (Stainback, Stainback Jackson, 1992). It is also suggested that integration and inclusion is also beneficial to students in areas of learning other than academic, including that of emotional and social development. Wagner is in support of inclusive education, but believes that â€Å"Placement in regular education alone does not ensure success.† (Wagner, 1996). It is important to understand the individual needs of children included in mainstream education, asRead MoreEssay Creating a Thriving Learning Environment931 Words   |  4 Pagesenvironment within an inclusive education setting. There are however numerous ways to do this with both advantages and difficulties in implementing such a curriculum; it seems an overwhelming experience, especially as a new teacher. Foreman (2008) likens the classroom environment to an ecosystem to which there are four interconnecting dynamics; teacher factors, student factors, curriculum and resource factors and physical setting factors. These four factors provide many ways that teachers can set up theRead MoreHandbook Of Leadership And Administration For Special Education992 Words   |  4 Pages Critical Annotation Crockett, J. B., Billingsley, B. S., Boscardin, M. L. (2012). Handbook of Leadership and Administration for Special Education. New York, NY: Routledge. Text Purpose The authors have organized this handbook into five sections that address critical issues in special education leadership. The first section focuses on general topics related to leadership for learning. These areas include the importance of raising the performance of all students in an era of accountability,Read MoreEffective Teaching Strategies Essay1404 Words   |  6 Pagesdetail ways that teachers can set up the learning environment in order to maximise teaching and learning, and the advantages and disadvantages that belong with such implementation. In our teaching careers, the biggest achievement we can make; is to succeed in creating a supportive environment which nurtures the emotional, physical, social and intellectual developmental needs of each and every one of our students. Belonging to an inclusive educational setting as a supportive teacher, means we canRead MoreInclusion of Students with Learning Disabilities Essay1618 Words   |  7 PagesCongress. According to The Cyclopedic Education Dictionary, inclusion can be defined in two ways: one, inclusion can be defined as the placement of disabled children in a general classroom setting for the entire school day and two, inclusion can be defined as the placement of disabled students into a general classroom setting for part of the day while they are placed in a special setting during the other part of the day (Spafford and Grosser, 1998). Parents and teachers have been debating the issue ofRead MoreInclusion Policy Analysis Of Bundamba State Secondary College Essay1450 Words   |  6 PagesInclusion Policy Analysis of Bundamba State Secondary College Inclusive education provides for the needs of all the children in their communities without questions (Foreman Arthur-Kelly, 2014). While school inclusion policies could meet different levels of students’ needs in all classroom and school environments. In this paper, the strengths and weaknesses of the Bundamba State Secondary College’ s inclusion policy will be discussed in Part A. In Part B recommendations will be developed for the

Gender Non-Conformity Free Essays

Most parent think when they see their son playing dolls and having delights with fashion has tendency to become a gay and so with girls who are mostly fun of playing ballgames with boys has the possibility to become a lesbian when they grow older. The American society assumed that there are only two sex preferences, male and female. Sex refers to whether male or female, feminine of masculine. We will write a custom essay sample on Gender Non-Conformity or any similar topic only for you Order Now Gender sometimes is closely interchange with sex. This is the misconception our society had. Though gender is related to sex but both have distinct visibility. We have the so called low and high masculinity and vise versa on females. Boys who do what girls usually do such as, cleaning the house, cooking, doing the laundry, belong to the low class masculine and boys who are irritated with a girl thing, do not even wash their own underwear or even fix their bed belong to the high masculinity and vise versa with girls. But this doesn’t mean that those who are in the low masculinity are said to be gays, only that they can live by themselves. The question why parents are more accepting of a daughter exhibiting a liking for truck and sports rather than a son exhibiting a liking for playing dolls and cooking is that parents are more centered to a son’s development rather than a daughter’s. It is because of the â€Å"man† identity. A boy when he grows older must be strong, straight, focus and a builder. He has to support and protect his family. Girls are very meticulous, gentle, caring and etc. A mother, who sees her daughter playing sports with boys, doing hard chores that are intended for boys may feel more comfortable believing that her child is strong and capable of doing things in both genders.   Aside from that, gays are very expressive. They want to feel like a woman who is too awkward to look at rather that a girl wearing jeans and loose shirts. According to Throckmorton, a psychology professor at Grove City College, Pennsylvania, â€Å"people who don’t conform with gender norms are like homosexual. According to the study, children who grow up to be heterosexual typically go through a stage where they perceive the opposite sex as different from themselves, or exotic, and eventually transition into seeing members of the opposite sex as erotic. If a child is gender non-conforming, then he or she is likely to perceive members of the same sex as different from themselves, and eventually develop an erotic attraction to members of the same sex later in life. He also stated that parents should avoid the mindset that if their son doesn’t have any interest in baseball that there is something wrong with him. (Lee, 2006) The negative responses to the expressions of non-traditional gender behavior in young males are functional in the society. It is very obvious that there is discrimination and abuse. Gays and lesbians are fighting for their rights until these days. This negative expression greatly affects on young boys. Acceptance for non-conformity of gender among boys is rarely seen in our society. Good for those who belong to a family that support him whatever and whoever he may be. There are many reasons to encourage a full range of gendered behavior in sons and daughters. One of this is role modeling. We should always remember that children learn from what you are and not what you say. Your own practice is always the greatest influence. This is the most basic responsibility of the parents. The greatest parenting challenge lies in being responsible for guiding, teaching, and urging your child toward his best self-which includes the need to notice his mistakes and help him correct them- while simultaneously accepting and loving him as he exist now, before his faults are rectified. (Bobbie Sandoz) Reference: Psychological, Anthropological and Sociological Foundations of Education, Alicia S. Bustos, Socorro c. Espiritu; Katha Publishing Co., Inc. 1996 The language of Parenting’ Blue Mountain Press;SPS Studios, Inc., 2001 http://www.southernvoice.com/2006/4-7/news/national/gender.cfm http://cjwww.csustan.edu/hatecrimes/99/anti-gay/anti-gay%20web.html http://www.lambda.org/youth_suicide.htm http://www.southernvoice.com/2006/4-7/news/national/gender.cfm http://www.youth-suicide.com/gay-bisexual/construction/6-gay-youth-suicide-feminine-males.htm How to cite Gender Non-Conformity, Essay examples

Stride Toward Glory free essay sample

Write an essay to help the Admissions Office gain a more complete impression of you and what you can contribute to our university. The feeling of competition at track meets gets my adrenaline pumping. As I prepared for my race, the 300-meter intermediate hurdles at the Class M championships, the excited crowd gave me energy and relieved any tension. Once I heard Runners, take your mark, I got into my starting blocks and I concentrated on crossing the finish line before my opponents. Once I heard the official yell Set, I closed my eyes and anticipated the gun. In that brief interval, I thought of all my accomplishments that made my presence at this competitive event possible. I thought of the applauding crowd arid those two important faces, my mother and father, who had cheered enthusiastically at my induction ceremony into the National Honor Society. As a member, I have managed to budget my time for homework, along with sports and school activities. We will write a custom essay sample on Stride Toward Glory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My academic goal is to be ranked number twenty in my class of 168. BANG! I pushed off my blocks to obtain an advantage over the other runners. One by one, I cleared each hurdle, trying to keep a constant rhythm. At the last 100 meters, I sprinted as hard as I could toward the finish line. When it was over I relaxed, knowing that I had done my best. Although I tried my hardest, I wanted to improve. I have been a member of the outdoor track team for three years. I most likely will be the team captain. If I am chosen, my determination and leadership should inspire the underclassmen to do as well. Last season, I was able to take five seconds off my time, which qualified me to compete at the Class M championships. For my fourth consecutive (and final) year, my goal is to break forty-two seconds in the 300-meter intermediate hurdles and to win a medal at the Class M championships. In order to achieve this, I plan to improve my speed, endurance, and my hurdle form. I know that the only way to improve my endurance is by running long distances, which is why I joined cross-country. Each day we run an average of five miles. The beginning of the season was challenging, but I knew if I did not give up, I could improve. Throughout the season I was determined to do better at meets and fortunately I did. My endurance has improved greatly and this will pay off in the spring during the Outdoor track season. To enhance my speed I will run many 400-meter sprints, which takes endurance. I have obtained from running all of those miles. I will also be participating at indoor track during the winter, where I can run the 4400 meter relay. I will also run the 55-meter hurdles, which will allow me to work on my hurdle form. After completing these steps, I will be fully prepared to achieve my goals. Once I do reach them I will remember the hard work and determination that made it possible.

Vietnam Essays (821 words) - Vietnam War, Indochina Wars

Vietnam Vietnam is a country 9000 miles away from the United States. Yet America felt that its national interest to protect the peace in south Asia and stop communist was threatened strongly enough to fight a war there. Therefore, American considered that the establishment of the Iron Curtain of Europe must be stopped to happen again in Asia. Meanwhile, the communist take over of China, the Korean War and the communist victory over the French in Vietnam all led many Americans to fear that The communists were taking over the world and America must dispatch force to stop their expansion. At that time, most American believed in the Domino Theory, suggesting that if one Asian country fell to the Communist the others would quickly follow. The U.S. government believed that by helping the South Vietnamese government to resist the invasion of the North Vietnam and prevent the spread of communism to throughout the world to stop advance of communist is the only one and most important perspective for A merican strategy in the Cold War. After the WWII, US government considered that the communism pose a great threat to world peace. For example, communist easily established so-called Iron Curtain in the east Europe and overthrew Chang regime in the China and drove out France from Vietnam. Therefore, with France withdrawal from Vietnam, American wants to prevent a Communist takeover as well as reluctance on apart of American presidents to assume of primary responsibility for fighting Vietcong and their North communist Vietnam allies. Meanwhile, From Truman, American presidents all had done enough to avoid charge as who lost Vietnam to communist. by 1954, instead of keep the promise of Geneva of taking place a free elections in order to elect a leader to rule the united Vietnam, American assisted Nyo Dinb Diem as the president of Vietnam, established American- style government in the southern Vietnam. By the mid-1950s, the Vietcong pose a great threat against South Vietnam, and the North began to pump weapons, advisors , and other resource into the southern cadres, which were reorganized as the National Liberation Front in 1958. At this time, losing the Vietnam to communist also strikes into American presidents heart, therefore, in the late 1950, US government dispatched hundreds of special advisers (later in war the numbers was up to thousands) to assist S. Vietnam military to fight with Vietcong. Vietnam had become entangled in the cold war maneuvers of the United States and Communism. With United States backing, American found out the president of Vietnam who didnt have ability to fight with communist in the countryside and to start social and economic reforms. Meanwhile, his repressive tactics directed not only against Communists but also against the Buddhist majority and other critics. Therefore, US government decided to overthrow Diem regime and support pro- America of generals regime. However, America also resolved on Americanize for Vietnam War, because most people believe American forc e could defeat the ill-prepared Vietcong and their North allies. However, it was also clear to Johnson and his government that American military involvement must not reach levels that would provoke the Chinese and Soviet into direct intervention. Therefore, although fighting with helicopters and gunship chemical defoliants, and napalm, became like the trench warfare of World war one ----a war of attrition. As Clark Clifford of new secretary of defense said: we have no military plan to end the war. The American intervention of in Vietnam in 1965, the danger and blind foolishness of ideological war become increasingly obvious for about 25 years. The US faced an internal crisis in anti-war and anti-government movement. As the war dragged on and opposition mounted students and others developed sophisticated ways to avoid evade, or resist the draft. Over 20000 young men simply refused to accept obey their draft notices and 4000 of those young men served prison sentences. Meanwhile, hundreds of young men instituted court challenges to the draft. The result was a much broader interpretation of them conscientious objector so as to allow exemption for those with moral and ethical objections to war rooted in secular rather than spiritual principles. Some 56,000 men qualified for conscientious objector status during the Vietnam War,

Research Example

Research Example Research – Coursework Example Health sciences and medicine, research [Insert al Affiliation] In chapter Blessing and Gorister offer a candid and comprehensive elucidation of research. While many healthcare professions might consider research to be a mysterious process which is difficult to comprehend and conduct, from the authors’ perspective, research has determined virtually everything that is currently practiced and the much advancement in healthcare that shall be practiced in future. The complex methods of research should not be an impediment to healthcare professionals since through research their inquisitiveness can be fulfilled and their mysteries unraveled. While there are many types of research including experimental, laboratory, applied, clinical, descriptive and pure research, the initial step towards conducting an efficacious research is the formulation of a clear and precise research question and choosing the research design that best suits the prevailing scenario. Rather than shunning it, eve ry healthcare provider needs to embrace research since it is the only way of improving the quality and value of healthcare. Chapter 2 explicates the importance of research in various healthcare sections and the challenges threatening its existence and significance. Research in clinical science laboratories provides data and information that is reliable and reproducible hence enabling healthcare professionals to make important clinical decisions. Similarly, it is through research that occupational therapy (OT) determines whether the services provided to clients are beneficial (Blessing the current upsurge in technology where complex research can be undertaken may moderately disentangle this disparaging issue. For physician assistant professions and physical therapists, solid and systematic research has evidenced to be the impeccable way of ensuring that they advance their knowledge and provide quality healthcare services. ReferenceBlessing, J. D., & Gorister, J. G. (2013). Introduct ion to research and medical literature for health professionals (3rd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett.

Should DDT Be Used to Control Malaria Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Should DDT Be Used to Control Malaria - Essay Example falciparum), Plasmodium malariae (P. malariae), Plasmodium ovale (P. ovale) and Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax). due to P. falciparum which is the only species associated with severe morbidity and mortality (Guidelines, South Africa). The other three species cause milder illness. Infections with P. ovale and P. vivax have a tendency to relapse if timely appropriate treatment is not provided (CDC, U.S). The life cycle of the malaria parasite involves two hosts- the mosquito and the human. When a female anopheles infected mosquito bites a human for blood meal, it inoculates sporozoites into the human host. These sporozoites infect liver cells1, multiply and mature into schizonts, which rupture and release a number of merozoites into the blood stream where they infect red cells and cause symptoms of the disease like fever, chills, tiredness and muscular pain. In P. vivax and P. ovale malaria infections, a dormant stage can persist in the liver of the human in the form of hypnozoites. These can later invade blood stream, weeks, or even years later, and cause relapse. In the red cells2, the parasites undergo asexual multiplication. Initially, the merozoites turn in to ring stage trophozoites which mature into schizonts. These rupture to release merozoites. Some parasites differentiate into gametocytes (sexual erythrocytic stages) which in turn produce the male (microgametocytes) and fe male (macrogametocytes) gametocytes. These are ingested by a female anopheles mosquito during a blood meal and they multiply in the mosquito releasing sporozoites which settle in the salivary glands and enter the human host during biting. The multiplication in the mosquito is known as the sporogonic cycle. Thus the mosquito carries the disease from one human to another, acting as a "vector" (Guidelines, South Africa). Of the 430 known species of anopheles mosquito, only 30 to

Terrorism over the world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Terrorism over the world - Essay Example Instead, governments are busy gearing up defences against faceless terrorism. World had been sceptical about the 'intelligence' which saw things that never existed in Iraq and intelligence failure is considered to be one the main problems in terrorism. It is interesting that highly equipped, well endowed intelligence agencies have miserably failed in areas like Afghanistan and Iraq. There is a practical reason behind it. Western intelligence cannot employ westerners who are stunningly conspicuous and agencies are forced to employ locals. Some of the locals mislead purposely, or due to lack of co-ordination, training, language disabilities, information goes awry. Intelligence agencies have to rely upon them for their sources in alien countries. Failure in collecting relevant, timely and genuine information had been the root cause of many problems, including Iraq Conducting wars on terror in far-flung lands, adjusting to local conditions and weather, making decisions independently in unfamiliar atmosphere as against the abundant knowledge of inhabitants that local terrorists possess, had been not only expensive, but also erroneous, uncertain and at times deplorable. Poverty, deprivation, and thwarted aspirations had been main reasons to respond to the siren song of extremism, though many thinkers negate this assumption. Without containing these problems, controlling extremism cannot be long-lasting. Unless the extreme injustice, deprivation and inequality of fellow human beings are addressed, terrorism cannot be controlled completely. But this could be tackled only through a long drawn plan and definitely impossible to be applied as a yard stick, because the results we need should happen now. The disliking of America and Europe as a result of wrong policies, racism, colonialism, history and economic highhandedness that accumulated for nearly a century and more, has not made the white race exactly popular and even actions taken backed by the best interests are looked down upon with suspicion, hatred and cynicism. Failure in building an international cohesive front against terrorism, ignoring United Nations and sensible voices belonging to leaders of small countries too have additional negative effect. Eliminating the fertile ground upon which terrorism thrives had been impossible even in a country like Pakistan, which is totally under control of US, but works as a vast University for budding terrorists. This shows the futility of trying to contain it in unfriendly countries. Problem areas like Palestine, Lebanon, Kashmir, internal problems of Sri Lanka between two ethnicities and ruthless leadership of Prabhakaran, LTTE supreme, Osama and his clout amongst fanatic Muslims, rise of Hamas and Hezbollah, unending extremism in Iraq, all these issues keep smouldering, continuously feeding into terrorism. A miracle could not be expected unless there is a genuine addressing of these issues. It is impossible to ignore the carelessness with which West, especially America, allowed many opportunities to slip through its fingers. Terrorist activities should be deprived of media attention and as long as media creates heroes and role models out of terrorists, it is tough to be eradicated. "To be sure, because terrorism, however local, is by its very nature a world-wide theatrical attraction, it tends to encourage

The Role of Nursing Leadership in Hospital Quality Improvement Term Paper

The Role of Nursing Leadership in Hospital Quality Improvement - Term Paper Example QI is a persistent process that involves mutual efforts and labor at all the levels of an organization to deliver better services to health care clients. It is attained as a result of positive interactions among various departments of a hospital to devise a progressive system that constantly improves the processes and outcomes of health care. The concept of QI comprise of quality assurance and problem resolution (Moran and Johnson, 1992). The multitude of hospital quality improvement activities involves participation in external programs sponsored by accreditation and regulatory bodies, QI organizations etc. Also, several hospitals participate in internal QI activities which are derived from employee and patient feedback (Draper et al., 2008). According to Hassmiller and Needleman (2009), the integration of nursing managers into decision making bodies of hospital provides improved quality of care and hospital efficiency. The initiation and progression of Magnet accreditation programs escalates the participation of nursing leadership in hospitals. The basis of magnet appraisal provided by American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) is based on strong nursing representation in organization’s leadership structure, deployment of nursing manager that have a role in hospital’s executive leadership, a shared governance operational system in nursing and authoritative powers of nursing leadership at all functioning level of hospital. Initially the concept of magnet status was based on attracting retention and job satisfaction among nurses however, later it was revealed that it is associated with improved hospital quality and patient care. Another accreditation... This essay approves that quality is a mutual responsibility and along with nursing mangers every nurse and employee should participate in it. Some of the QI efforts recommended for nursing administration include establishment of standards and making staff liable for individual roles, inspiring nurses to champion efforts, maintenance and presentation of valuable feed back to the nursing staff for future motivation and encouragement, engaging nursing staff at all levels of QI activities from bedside to management and modification in traditional nursing education that does not prepare nursing staff for their advanced role in contemporary health care settings. In this regard, emphasis on QI skill development and effective implementation of these activities in a hospital setting are required. Nursing administration may find it difficult to manage high level of administrative burden linked with these activities. Similarly, the conversion of scientific data into useful form of experiential learning is a tiresome process which involves patient hospital stay and feedback etc; however, the involvement of nursing staff in such experiential learning is foundation for QI strategies and measures. This report makes a conclusion that nursing leadership play a focal role in QI of health care settings. The hospitals have to adapt and pursue schemes/projects that significantly contribute to achievement of quality, patient care and performance goals. In this regard, optimization of nursing administration roles is vital for smooth operation of QI activities. Challenges and barriers should be identified and effectively removed for sustainable QI of a hospital.

Organizational Behavior: A Case Study of PCCW Company

Organizational Behavior: A Case Study of PCCW Company Introduction With the numerous changes brought about by the surroundings, machinery, financial system, political affairs, and the general public, changes in the organization must be taken note of in order to deal with the varying demands of the workforce and the clients. In this output-oriented society and generation, every organization must have the skills, capabilities, endurance, and the strategies to be able to meet the demands and the needs of their market. As such, the continuous changes that organizations must undergo may be considered as their only edge in order to cope with the overall changes observed in the society. Thus, appropriate change management must be done in a company to effectively and efficiently facilitate and govern the changes needed by organizations. In the objective of PCCW for market extension, protect its position, and create strategic agreements with other Asian companies, it has borrowed greatly to finance the $38 billion bid for Hong Kong Telecom, which resulted to its debt of US$4 billion. Further decline of its performance is brought about by its lack of confidence in the debt repayment plans among stockholders (Darlington and Cooke, 2000), which contributed to its standing as the worst performing blue-chip company on the list of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 2002 and 2003 (PCCW, 2007). In addition to its debt and change in ownership and management are the increasing pressures of competition among the industry. It has been reported that in August 2000, there were 165 external telecommunications services operators and 187 Internet market service providers. The increase in competition led to another cause of the companys problems, which is the existence of monopoly for domestic fixed telephony. This became a major blow fo r the company, as many telephone operators no longer need the gateways and local networks provided by PCCW (Darlington and Cooke, 2000). Furthermore, another basis of its problems is the decrease of its staffs and labor force, which donate to the decline of its operations. An additional cause is the failure of the bid between the company and China, for at the time, China resisted to make consultation with a company that is allied to the Singapore government, which also became the basis of the problems of the Sing Tels bid in the past (Greenlees, 2006).   Additionally, the problem for the company is the generally failing revenues in Hong Kong, with its failure to make considerable advancement to the China mainland. With this, heavy investment in communications all through East Asia must be required before the full potential of PCCW can be appreciated (Darlington and Cooke, 2000).    External Change Driver The PEST Analysis sets up an efficient exploration of the peripheral impacts on a precise company by infringement of the components into indispensable and perceptible elements or factors. The obvious essentials under this type of analysis include Political, Economic, Sociological, and Technological elements. Political factors include the limitations in the policies of the Chinese government with regards to company consultations and mergers; the governments choice of companies outside the country, with which it would make discussions with; distinctive pre-eminence in Chinas legal system; influence of British legal system in Hong Kongs international financial transactions. Economic elements comprise the progress and underdevelopment of infrastructures in East Asia; telecommunications monopoly; debt of PCCW; dollar inflation and deflation rates; financial crises; crumple of asset prices; rate of economic growth. Sociological factors include PCCWs variance with customers that are major stockholders; unemployment; changes in communication, marketing and management; retaining separate superiority over human capital, language, rivalry and challenge. Effects of e-commerce to PCCW; improvement and enhancement of its website; operation and maximization of the Internet; faster negotiations, development of new ultra-modern tools, enhancement of RD through the Internet Internal Change Driver   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the inner alteration drivers of PCCW is the change in its possession, along with the adjustment in its supervision and its executive culture. The culture was then distorted with the amendment in the personnel. Subsequent to the acquirement, most of the staffs working in CW HKT are now employees in PCCW. This led to the change in the customs of the company, from a conventional, seniority-based, and non-market driven, it twisted to a powerfully spirited, performance-based, and customer-focused company. Another internal driver is the modification in the companys main concern. The quality of service is now the companys primary alarm, and the company has been investing millions of dollars in excellence and customer service training. The third internal driver is the change in internal processes (Hatch, 2006). Such changes in internal processes include implementing diverse quality programs, including quality improvement teams and six sigma programs. These changes in the culture of the company brought about the companys reorganization procedure, for instance changing the divisions from a cost-center to a profit-center, thus, making all employees aggravated to make negotiations and business dealings (Cable and Wireless: Jobs Surveys, 2003).   In line with the companys agenda for change, several aspects in the organization can be taken note of, namely, its strategy, structure, processes, and people. In relation to its strategy, PCCW provides solutions for port management, security and CCTV systems, audio and visual solutions, and technical support and maintenance services to various sectors in the industry, such as governments, public services, aviation, and broadcast engineering operations. In addition, it re-entered the mobile market, collaborated with real estate and broadband companies, and improved its telephone directories. In terms of structure, the contribution of its large team of professionals, experiences and knowledge in the IT industry provide excellent ICT solutions that would help customers develop innovative and challenging business opportunities. In terms of processes, the company facilitates outstanding innovation, especially in terms of IP-based business services, New Generation Fixed Line services, broadband pay-TV, Internet access, media content, large-scale IT solutions, mobility, and wireless innovations. In terms of people, it has approximately 17,000 employees, located in different parts of the globe, including mainland China, South America, Japan, Korea, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, Europe, the United States, India, and the Middle East (Company Profile, 2008).    Assessment on the Style of Leadership/Management   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As mentioned earlier, the management of PCCW was transformed from a conservative, seniority-based, and non-market driven, to a strongly competitive, performance-based, and customer-focused company. From this transformation alone, it can be stated that the style of leadership in PCCW is a Proactive style of leadership. This is because a proactive leader focuses on achieving performance outcomes of his or her team and shares a vision, which compels the team to move towards that vision or goal (Holmes, 2008). However, the presence of conflicts and resistance on the part of the employees may indicate that the type of leadership or management they experience from the company might not be sufficient to fulfill or satisfy their needs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If PCCW Limited did not take any action regarding their problems, a domino effect of negative events would happen. Its debts would further increase, which would afford the company to sell their assets and resources in order to make up for the debts it have in other companies. Resignation of managers would also be another effect of a no change strategy. The increase in debts would lead to further loss of company assets, and later on, to further loss of human resources. Due to the lack of adequate resources and assets, there would the delay, inefficiency, and ineffectiveness of processes and operations in the company that would lead to the decline with the number of its customers, as becoming less satisfied. The loss of customers leads to the loss of profit, thus, resulting to bankruptcy and immediate closing of the company. Proposed Change Strategy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It has been identified that one of the problems of the company is the lack of infrastructure development in East Asia, which hinders the development of the company. With this, the company must not wait for the development of the region, but must try to find alternative solutions and materials that would suit its processes and the trend of infrastructure in Hong Kong. If the company is bold enough, it can initiate in setting the trend in the city in terms of infrastructure development, given the right resources and the right skills and expertise. In order to do so, the company can invest in its Research Development in its quest to find new supplies and materials. Another proposed change is the implementation of performance management strategies that would help develop and improve the overall performance of the organization. Since the management of PCCW has already been transformed into a performance-based management, performance management of the employees must be done in order to help guide them with their tasks and responsibilities in the organization. This is because performance management serves to focus the efforts and attention of employees in critical tasks using performance feedback (Bernardin and Russell, 1993). This would then allow the employees to gain more knowledge and develop new skills in relation to their work in the company. Another change strategy is the implementation and use of Information Technology or Information Systems, which would facilitate in the organization and information retrieval in the company and in effective communication. Through the use of an IT or IS, the company would be able to organize its customer database that would allow it to have an effective and efficient product inventory, customer follow-ups, and evaluate customer feedbacks for product improvement. Lastly, the organization can improve its operations strategies through the improvement of its supply chain. In the management of its supply chain, both the suppliers and the corporation would be able to have a successful and well-organized affiliation, thus, preventing the impediment of provisions and resources considered necessary by the organization (Robbins, 2004).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   First and foremost, the realization of the change program would certainly elevate confrontation among the employees and managers of the organization. The sources and the apparent impacts of this resistance were already mentioned in the earlier discussions. Resistance to change of the employees leads to inflexibility and lack of support, ensuing to the delay of the change process and in internal processes and operations. Second issue to take note of is the differences in the preferences of the management and leadership styles of managers in the organization, consequential to varied inter-departmental cultures and practices. Due to such differences, employees would be having a rigid time dealing with other employees, which can be a promising source of conflicts. Third issue is the possibility of needing to lay off employees or reassigning them to new job positions that may require new skills, technologies, and knowledge. This may also le ad to grave threats and conflicts in the organization. Fourth issue is the need for reformation in the departments that may or may not be contributory to the welfare of employees. Fifth issue is the adequacy of resources, which would be essential in sustaining the needs of the company. Finally, the execution of new policies would be a concern for PCCW (Simon, 2007).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From the argument, it can be apparent that in order for a company to experience and execute a change program, it must be proficient in taking note of different interior and exterior issues that would present an assortment of impacts to the employees and the performance of the organization itself. As such, an efficient organizational change process would consist of important elements including its external environment, internal processes and operations, the welfare of employees, the support of top management, and the satisfaction and demands of customers. Putting each constituent in synchronization and concord would perhaps guarantee a successful adjustment procedure.

Acid Base Extraction Essay -- essays research papers

Acid Base Extraction The purpose of this laboratory assignment was two-fold, first, we were to demonstrate the extraction of acids and bases, finally, determining what unknowns were present. Second, we were to extract caffeine from tea. These two assignment will be documented in two separate entities. Introduction: Acid/base extraction involves carrying out simple acid/base reactions in order to separate strong organic acids, weak organic acids neutral organic compounds and basic organic substances. The procedure for this laboratory assignment are on the following pages. 3) Separation of Carboxylic Acid, a Phenol and a Neutral Substance   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The purpose of this acid/base extraction is to separate a mixture of equal parts of benzoic acid(strong acid) and 2-naphthanol(weak base) and 1,4- dimethoxybenzene(neutral) by extracting from tert-butylmethyl ether(very volatile).The goal of this experiment was to identify the three components in the mixture and to determine the percent recovery of each from the mixture. 4) Separation of a Neutral and Basic Substance   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A mixture of equal parts of a neutral substance containing either naphthalene or benzoin and a basic substance containing either 4-chloroaniline or ethyl 4-aminobenzoate were to be separated by extraction from an ether solution. Once the separation took place, and crystallization was carried out, it became possible to determine what components were in the unknown mixture, by means of a melting point determination. Results Procedure Observations Inference Dissolve 3.05g Phenol Mixture was a golden-Neutral acid in 30ml brown/yellow color t-butyl methyl ether in Erlenmeyer flask and transfer mixture to 125ml separatory funnel using little ether to complete the transfer Add 10 ml of water  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Organic layer=mixture   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  aqueous layer=water(clear) Add 10 ml saturated aqueous   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sodium bicarbonate  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  NaHCO3 dissolves in solution sodium bicarbonate  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ... ...sp;  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Caffeine salicylate is a Pasteur pipette while the  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  isolated(white color)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  formed. beaker is in the ice bath then vacuum filter. Caffeine beaker:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  51.61g   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   -51.56g   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .05g = 50mg % yield = .05g x 100% = 20%   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   .25g Caffeine salicylate:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  17.198g   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   -17.036g   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   .062g % yield = .062g x 100% = 25%   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   .25g Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to the HPLC graph that follows, my product was very pure. The actual melting point of caffeine salicylate is 137 degree(C), my product was found to have a melting point of 138 degrees (C). As before, of course this experiment was not done completely error-free, the error is due almost entirely on human error.